Shot dictionary

A taxonomy of terms in match.json and player_stats.

Shot types

Type	Meaning	Counted in
serve	The shot that starts a rally.	serve_shots
drive	A groundstroke, hit after the ball bounces.	drive_shots
volley	A ball hit before it bounces.	volley_shots
lob	A high ball played over the opponents.	lob_shots
overhead	A ball hit above the head. A drive, volley or lob hit with the arm raised also counts as an overhead.	overhead_shots

Every shot is also a forehand or a backhand (fh_count, bh_count). dominant_hand is left or right, whichever hand played more of the player's shots.

Subtypes

An overhead gets its subtype from the ball, not from the stroke. The speed thresholds are percentiles of the same match's overhead speeds, leaving out bajadas, so they adapt to the level of play. With fewer than three measured overheads the thresholds are 55 and 80 km/h.

Subtype	Of	Rule	Counted in
bajada	overhead	The ball came off the glass behind the hitter before the shot.	bajada_shots
smash	overhead	The fastest possible overhead shot. At or above 80th percentile of the match's overhead speeds.	smash_shots
vibora	overhead	The most common overhead shot. A fast shot but with some control, between the 60th and 80th percentiles.	vibora_shots
bandeja	overhead	A slower defensive overhead shot.	bandeja_shots
(none)	overhead	Could not be categorized.	overhead_shots only
chiquita	drive	A tight drive landing within 3.5 m of the net.	chiquita_shots

Subtype counts are part of their type's count: the four overhead subtypes are included in overhead_shots, and chiquita_shots is included in drive_shots.

Outcomes

At most one shot per rally carries the deciding label. An assist can sit on the shot before it.

Label	Meaning	Point goes to	Counted in
winner	The ball's first bounce landed in the opponents' court and they did not return it.	The hitter	winner_shots
error	The shot lost the point: into the net, out, onto the glass before bouncing on the other side, bouncing on the hitter's own side, or the hitter was close enough to make a return but did not.	The opponents	error_shots
bad_serve	A fault: the serve missed the diagonal service box, or hit the side fence after bouncing.	The receiving pair if it’s the second serve. Re-serve otherwise.	bad_serve_shots

A trained model picks each rally's deciding shot and labels it winner, error or bad_serve, using the ball's bounces, its wall and net contacts, and where the players stand.

match.json counters

Volume and outcomes

Field	Counts
n_shots	Every detected stroke by the player.
winner_shots, error_shots, assist_shots, bad_serve_shots	Shots with that outcome label.
short_rally_won	winner or assist on shots 1 to 5 of a rally.
long_rally_won	winner or assist on shot 10 or later.

Per shot type

Field	Counts
drive_shots, volley_shots, lob_shots, overhead_shots	Shots of that type.
vibora_shots, bandeja_shots, smash_shots, bajada_shots, chiquita_shots	Shots with that subtype.
drive_winner_shots, volley_winner_shots, overhead_winner_shots, vibora_winner_shots, bandeja_winner_shots, smash_winner_shots, bajada_winner_shots	Shots of that kind labelled winner or ****assist. assist is an internal debugging label not meant to be used for statistics.
drive_error_shots, volley_error_shots, overhead_error_shots, vibora_error_shots, bandeja_error_shots, smash_error_shots, bajada_error_shots	Shots of that kind labelled error.
lob_points_lost_after	Lobs that were an error, or that the opponents won the point with on the next shot.

Serve and return

The serve is the first shot of a rally and the return is the second.

Field	Counts
serve_shots	Rallies the player started.
serve_valid_first_serve_shots	First serves that were not a fault.
serve_double_faults	A fault on the serve right after a fault from the same side.
serve_winner_shots	Rallies the server's pair won, credited to the server. This is points won on serve, not aces.
serve_error_shots	Rallies the server's pair lost.
serve_second_serve_winner_shots	Rallies won on a second serve.
return_shots	Returns played.
return_winner_shots, return_error_shots	Rallies the returner's pair won or lost.
serve_first_in_percentage	Legal first serves divided by first attempts, as a percentage.
serve_first_speed_avg_kmh, serve_second_speed_avg_kmh	Mean speed of first and second attempts.
serve_aces	Legal serve winners with no return.

Attack and defence

A pair is attacking while the AI places it in the attacking zone near the net.

Field	Counts
attack_threat_success, attack_threat_failure	Volleys and overheads followed, within the next two shots, by a winner or assist while the same pair still held the attacking position, or not.
volley_attack_retained, volley_attack_lost, and the same for vibora and bandeja	Shots of that kind hit while attacking, after which the pair kept, or lost, the attacking position over the next two shots.
lob_counter_attack_success, lob_counter_attack_failure, and the same for drive and chiquita	Shots of that kind hit while defending, after which the pair took the attacking position within the next two shots, or did not.
attack_possession_pair_shots, defence_possession_pair_shots	Shots hit while the player's pair was attacking or defending.
attack_possession_winners, attack_possession_errors, defence_possession_winners, defence_possession_errors	Winners (including assists) and errors hit while attacking or defending.
attack_possession_segments	Times the player's pair took the attacking position, credited to the player whose shot started it.
attack_possession_converted_segments	Of those, the ones the pair turned into a won point within two shots.
counter_attack_opportunities, counter_attack_success	Credited to a defending player when the opponents take the attacking position; a success when the player's pair takes it back within three shots.
net_points_won	Points won when the player finished in the attacking zone. null when no point outcome was resolved.
net_approach_success_percentage	Approaches to the attacking zone that won the point, as a percentage.

Speed, depth and movement

Field	Meaning
avg_speed_kmh, max_speed_kmh, p95_speed_kmh	Speed of the player's shots with a measured speed, in km/h.
overhead_speed_avg, overhead_speed_max, volley_speed_avg, drive_speed_avg, drive_speed_max	The same for one shot type.
vibora_speed_avg, bandeja_speed_avg, smash_speed_avg, bajada_speed_avg, chiquita_speed_avg, smash_speed_max	The same for one subtype.
lob_depth	Mean distance in metres from the net to where the player's lobs first bounced, leaving out lobs that lost the point.
lob_height_avg_m	Mean highest point of the player's lobs, in metres.
chiquita_depth	Mean distance in metres from the net to where the player's chiquitas first bounced.
shots_with_opponent_movement, shots_forcing_movement	Shots after which the opponents' movement was measured, and those after which an opponent moved 4 m or more.
offensive_seconds, defensive_seconds, neutral_seconds	Time in rallies spent attacking, defending or in neither position.
left_seconds, right_seconds, total_seconds	Time in rallies on the left and right side of the court, and in total.
distance_run_meters	Distance covered during rallies, modelled from video rather than measured by a wearable.

Fields set to -1, such as consistency, shot_quality, attack, physicality, court_coverage and clutch_score, are placeholders; ignore them. Missing or null values are not zero, and older recordings may omit newer fields.